°Ë±¦Êé¿â > ÎÄѧÆäËûµç×ÓÊé > VB2008´ÓÈëÃŵ½¾«Í¨(PDF¸ñʽӢÎÄ°æ) >

µÚ31²¿·Ö

VB2008´ÓÈëÃŵ½¾«Í¨(PDF¸ñʽӢÎÄ°æ)-µÚ31²¿·Ö

С˵£º VB2008´ÓÈëÃŵ½¾«Í¨(PDF¸ñʽӢÎÄ°æ) ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




method£»¡¡implying¡¡that¡¡DepthFirstSearch¡¡must¡¡be¡¡instantiated¡¡before¡¡we¡¡can¡¡call¡¡¡¡FindRoute£¨£©¡£¡¡¡¡

We¡¡should¡¡modify¡¡the¡¡test¡¡again¡¡as¡¡follows£º¡¡



Public¡¡Sub¡¡TestSearch£¨£©¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡Dim¡¡cls¡¡As¡¡DepthFirstSearch¡¡=¡¡New¡¡DepthFirstSearch£¨£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡cls¡£FindRoute£¨¡¨Montreal¡¨£»¡¡¡¨Seattle¡¨£©¡¡

End¡¡Sub¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡execute¡¡the¡¡method¡¡FindRoute£¨£©£»¡¡we¡¡need¡¡to¡¡create¡¡a¡¡DepthFirstSearch¡¡object£»¡¡allowing¡¡¡¡

multiple¡¡users¡¡to¡¡perform¡¡searches¡¡without¡¡getting¡¡state¡¡mixed¡¡up¡£¡¡At¡¡this¡¡point£»¡¡we¡¡could¡¡pat¡¡¡¡

ourselves¡¡on¡¡the¡¡back¡¡and¡¡think¡¡that¡¡we¡¡have¡¡written¡¡a¡¡good¡¡test¡¡that¡¡requires¡¡a¡¡class¡¡¡¡

implementation¡£¡¡



The¡¡Problem¡¡of¡¡Magic¡¡Data¡¡



Our¡¡test¡¡is¡¡not¡¡yet¡¡plete£»¡¡because¡¡we¡¡don¡¯t¡¡have¡¡access¡¡to¡¡the¡¡route¡¡found¡¡by¡¡the¡¡algorithm£»¡¡¡¡

but¡¡that¡¡will¡¡be¡¡explained¡¡in¡¡a¡¡moment¡£¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡the¡¡implementation¡¡of¡¡DepthFirstSearch£»¡¡a¡¡reference¡¡to¡¡the¡¡data¡¡structure¡¡is¡¡necessary¡£¡¡¡¡

The¡¡search¡¡algorithm¡¡needs¡¡to¡¡know¡¡which¡¡tree¡¡to¡¡navigate¡£¡¡One¡¡way¡¡to¡¡implement¡¡a¡¡reference¡¡¡¡

to¡¡the¡¡tree¡¡is¡¡to¡¡directly¡¡reference¡¡the¡¡shared¡¡data¡¡Node¡£RootNodes¡£¡¡An¡¡implementation¡¡of¡¡¡¡

DepthFirstSearch¡¡would¡¡be¡¡as¡¡follows£º¡¡


¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­Page¡¡122¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­

100¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡CH¡¡AP¡¡T¡¡E¡¡R¡¡¡¡¡¡4¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ö¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡L¡¡E¡¡A¡¡R¡¡N¡¡IN¡¡G¡¡¡¡¡¡AB¡¡OU¡¡T¡¡¡¡¡¡D¡¡AT¡¡A¡¡¡¡S¡¡TR¡¡U¡¡CT¡¡U¡¡R¡¡E¡¡S£»¡¡¡¡¡¡DE¡¡CI¡¡SI¡¡ON¡¡S£»¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡N¡¡D¡¡¡¡¡¡L¡¡O¡¡OP¡¡S¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Public¡¡Class¡¡DepthFirstSearch¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Public¡¡Sub¡¡FindRoute£¨ByVal¡¡start¡¡As¡¡String£»¡¡ByVal¡¡finish¡¡As¡¡String£©¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Dim¡¡startNodes¡¡As¡¡Node£¨£©¡¡=¡¡Node¡£RootNodes¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡End¡¡Sub¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡End¡¡Class¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡example¡¡declares¡¡a¡¡variable¡¡called¡¡startNodes£»¡¡which¡¡represents¡¡the¡¡starting¡¡point¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡root¡¡of¡¡the¡¡tree¡¡as¡¡shown¡¡in¡¡Figure¡¡4¡­2¡£¡¡The¡¡root¡¡of¡¡the¡¡tree¡¡is¡¡based¡¡on¡¡the¡¡data¡¡member¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Node¡£RootNodes£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡assignment¡¡is¡¡called¡¡a¡¡magic¡¡type¡¡assignment¡£¡¡A¡¡magic¡¡type¡¡is¡¡formed¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡you¡¡call¡¡a¡¡method£»¡¡and¡¡magically£»¡¡it¡¡happens¡¡to¡¡know¡¡how¡¡to¡¡reference¡¡data£»¡¡even¡¡though¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡never¡¡instructed¡¡the¡¡type¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡case¡¡of¡¡DepthFirstSearch£»¡¡the¡¡magic¡¡is¡¡the¡¡ability¡¡of¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡FindRoute£¨£©¡¡to¡¡know¡¡to¡¡reference¡¡the¡¡correct¡¡data¡¡member¡¡RootNodes¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡assumption¡¡is¡¡bad¡¡because¡¡it¡¡couples¡¡the¡¡data¡¡member¡¡¡¡RootNodes¡¡to¡¡the¡¡method¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡FindRoute£¨£©¡£¡¡Imagine¡¡if¡¡the¡¡developer¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Node¡¡class¡¡later¡¡decides¡¡to¡¡add¡¡functionality¡¡to¡¡load¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡tree¡¡from¡¡a¡¡file¡¡on¡¡the¡¡hard¡¡disk¡£¡¡So¡¡that¡¡¡¡FindRoute£¨£©¡¡is¡¡not¡¡broken£»¡¡the¡¡developer¡¡would¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡need¡¡to¡¡explicitly¡¡copy¡¡the¡¡hard¡­disk¡­loaded¡¡tree¡¡to¡¡the¡¡data¡¡member¡¡RootNodes¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Or¡¡what¡¡if¡¡two¡¡different¡¡users¡¡wanted¡¡to¡¡create¡¡two¡¡different¡¡flight¡¡trees£¿¡¡Node¡£RootNodes¡¡is¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡shared¡¡resource£»¡¡and¡¡thus¡¡can¡¡process¡¡only¡¡a¡¡single¡¡flight¡¡tree¡£¡¡The¡¡developer¡¡of¡¡Node¡¡might¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡alter¡¡RootNodes£»¡¡and¡¡thus¡¡FindRoute£¨£©¡¡would¡¡behave¡¡erratically¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡you¡¡have¡¡a¡¡case¡¡of¡¡magic¡¡data£»¡¡whatever¡¡data¡¡is¡¡magic¡¡needs¡¡to¡¡be¡¡passed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡type¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡via¡¡a¡¡constructor¡¡or¡¡other¡¡method¡£¡¡So¡¡the¡¡test¡¡for¡¡the¡¡flight¡¡route¡¡would¡¡change¡¡to¡¡the¡¡following£º¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Public¡¡Sub¡¡TestSearch£¨£©¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Dim¡¡cls¡¡As¡¡DepthFirstSearch=¡¡_¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡New¡¡DepthFirstSearch£¨Node¡£RootNodes£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡cls¡£FindRoute£¨¡¨Montreal¡¨£»¡¡¡¨Seattle¡¨£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡End¡¡Sub¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡the¡¡root¡¡tree¡¡node¡¡is¡¡required£»¡¡we¡¡change¡¡the¡¡constructor¡¡to¡¡require¡¡that¡¡a¡¡caller¡¡pass¡¡in¡¡the¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡root¡¡tree¡¡node¡£¡¡The¡¡test¡¡code¡¡still¡¡uses¡¡the¡¡shared¡¡data¡¡member¡¡RootNodes£»¡¡but¡¡DepthFirstSearch¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡does¡¡not¡¡need¡¡to¡¡know¡¡where¡¡to¡¡find¡¡the¡¡tree¡£¡¡If¡¡the¡¡Node¡¡developer¡¡were¡¡to¡¡alter¡¡the¡¡behavior¡¡of¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡data¡¡member¡¡RootNodes£»¡¡then¡¡only¡¡the¡¡constructor¡¡code¡¡to¡¡DepthFirstSearch¡¡would¡¡need¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡altering£»¡¡not¡¡the¡¡FindRoute£¨£©¡¡method¡£¡¡Thus£»¡¡Node¡¡and¡¡DepthFirstSearch¡¡are¡¡properly¡¡decoupled¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡each¡¡other¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Getting¡¡the¡¡Found¡¡Route¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Once¡¡you¡¡have¡¡called¡¡the¡¡FindRoute£¨£©¡¡method£»¡¡you¡¡expect¡¡an¡¡answer¡£¡¡Because¡¡the¡¡route¡¡could¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡involve¡¡multiple¡¡cities£»¡¡the¡¡found¡¡route¡¡is¡¡stored¡¡in¡¡an¡¡array¡¡of¡¡Node¡¡elements¡£¡¡In¡¡programmatic¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡terms£»¡¡there¡¡are¡¡two¡¡ways¡¡of¡¡retrieving¡¡the¡¡array¡¡of¡¡Nodes¡£¡¡The¡¡first¡¡is¡¡a¡¡return¡¡value£»¡¡like¡¡this£º¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Public¡¡Sub¡¡TestSearch£¨£©¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Dim¡¡cls¡¡As¡¡DepthFirstSearch¡¡=¡¡New¡¡DepthFirstSearch£¨Node¡£RootNodes£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Dim¡¡foundRoute¡¡As¡¡Node£¨£©¡¡=¡¡cls¡£FindRoute£¨¡¨Montreal¡¨£»¡¡¡¨Seattle¡¨£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡End¡¡Sub¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡bold¡¡code¡¡shows¡¡the¡¡assignment¡¡of¡¡the¡¡return¡¡value¡¡to¡¡the¡¡variable¡¡foundRoute¡£¡¡¡¡


¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­Page¡¡123¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡CH¡¡AP¡¡T¡¡E¡¡R¡¡¡¡¡¡4¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ö¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡L¡¡E¡¡A¡¡R¡¡N¡¡I¡¡N¡¡G¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡B¡¡OU¡¡T¡¡¡¡¡¡D¡¡AT¡¡A¡¡¡¡S¡¡TR¡¡U¡¡CT¡¡U¡¡R¡¡E¡¡S£»¡¡¡¡¡¡DE¡¡CI¡¡SI¡¡ON¡¡S£»¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡N¡¡D¡¡¡¡¡¡L¡¡O¡¡OP¡¡S¡¡101¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡second¡¡approach¡¡is¡¡for¡¡the¡¡FindRoute£¨£©¡¡method¡¡to¡¡store¡¡the¡¡result¡¡in¡¡an¡¡internal¡¡data¡¡¡¡

member¡£¡¡The¡¡following¡¡example¡¡assumes¡¡that¡¡the¡¡FindRoute£¨£©¡¡method¡¡stores¡¡the¡¡result¡¡in¡¡a¡¡¡¡

data¡¡member¡¡named¡¡FoundRoute£º¡¡



Public¡¡Sub¡¡TestSearch£¨£©¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡Dim¡¡cls¡¡As¡¡DepthfirstSearch¡¡=¡¡New¡¡DepthFirstSearch£¨Node¡£RootNodes£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡cls¡£FindRoute£¨¡¨Montreal¡¨£»¡¡¡¨Seattle¡¨£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡Dim¡¡foundRoute¡¡As¡¡Node£¨£©¡¡=¡¡cls¡£FoundRoute¡¡

End¡¡Sub¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Each¡¡approach¡¡seems¡¡acceptable£»¡¡and¡¡you¡¡are¡¡not¡¡sure¡¡which¡¡to¡¡use¡£¡¡When¡¡you¡¡have¡¡a¡¡¡¡

choice¡¡like¡¡this£»¡¡you¡¡need¡¡to¡¡make¡¡a¡¡decision¡£¡¡The¡¡safest¡¡way¡¡to¡¡make¡¡a¡¡decision¡¡is¡¡to¡¡write¡¡tests¡¡¡¡

and¡¡see¡¡if¡¡there¡¡are¡¡any¡¡problems¡¡with¡¡either¡¡approach¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡the¡¡example¡¡of¡¡calculating¡¡a¡¡single¡¡route£»¡¡either¡¡approach¡¡is¡¡fine¡£¡¡But¡¡let¡¯s¡¡look¡¡at¡¡the¡¡¡¡

code¡¡when¡¡multiple¡¡routes¡¡are¡¡being¡¡searched¡£¡¡First£»¡¡consider¡¡the¡¡code¡¡where¡¡the¡¡found¡¡path¡¡¡¡

is¡¡a¡¡return¡¡parameter¡¡value£º¡¡



Public¡¡Sub¡¡TestSearch£¨£©¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡Dim¡¡cls¡¡As¡¡DepthFirstSearch¡¡=¡¡New¡¡DepthFirstSearch£¨Node¡£RootNodes£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡Dim¡¡foundRoute1¡¡As¡¡Node£¨£©¡¡=¡¡cls¡£FindRoute£¨¡¨Montreal¡¨£»¡¡¡¨Seattle¡¨£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡Dim¡¡foundRoute2¡¡As¡¡Node£¨£©¡¡=¡¡cls¡£FindRoute£¨¡¨New¡¡York¡¨£»¡¡¡¨Seattle¡¨£©¡¡

End¡¡Sub¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Now¡¡take¡¡a¡¡look¡¡at¡¡the¡¡code¡¡that¡¡uses¡¡the¡¡data¡¡member£º¡¡



Public¡¡Sub¡¡TestSearch£¨£©¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡Dim¡¡cls¡¡As¡¡DepthFirstSearch¡¡=¡¡New¡¡DepthFirstSearch£¨Node¡£RootNodes£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡cls¡£FindRoute£¨¡¨Montreal¡¨£»¡¡¡¨Seattle¡¨£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡Dim¡¡foundRoute1¡¡As¡¡Node£¨£©¡¡=¡¡cls¡£FoundRoute¡¡

¡¡¡¡cls¡£FindRoute£¨¡¨New¡¡York¡¨£»¡¡¡¨Seattle¡¨£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡Dim¡¡foundRoute2¡¡As¡¡Node£¨£©¡¡=¡¡cls¡£FoundRoute¡¡

End¡¡Sub¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Again£»¡¡it¡¡would¡¡seem¡¡that¡¡both¡¡choices¡¡are¡¡adequate¡£¡¡However£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡a¡¡difference£»¡¡the¡¡¡¡

difference¡¡is¡¡subtle£»¡¡but¡¡distinct¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡matter¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡test¡¡implementation¡¡where¡¡the¡¡found¡¡¡¡

route¡¡is¡¡a¡¡return¡¡value£»¡¡the¡¡variables¡¡foundRoute1¡¡and¡¡foundRoute2¡¡represent¡¡routes¡¡that¡¡relate¡¡¡¡

directly¡¡to¡¡the¡¡route¡¡being¡¡searched¡£¡¡There¡¡is¡¡no¡¡chance¡¡that¡¡the¡¡variables¡¡foundRoute1¡¡can¡¡¡¡

represent¡¡the¡¡route¡¡New¡¡York¨CSeattle¡£¡¡With¡¡the¡¡data¡¡member¡¡code£»¡¡it¡¡could¡¡happen¡¡that¡¡¡¡

foundRoute1¡¡points¡¡to¡¡the¡¡route¡¡New¡¡York¨CSeattle£»¡¡as¡¡shown¡¡in¡¡the¡¡following¡¡code¡£¡¡



Public¡¡Sub¡¡TestSearch£¨£©¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡Dim¡¡cls¡¡As¡¡DepthFirstSearch¡¡=¡¡New¡¡DepthFirstSearch£¨Node¡£RootNodes£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡cls¡£FindRoute£¨¡¨Montreal¡¨£»¡¡¡¨Seattle¡¨£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡cls¡£FindRoute£¨¡¨New¡¡York¡¨£»¡¡¡¨Seattle¡¨£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡Dim¡¡foundRoute1¡¡As¡¡Node£¨£©¡¡=¡¡cls¡£FoundRoute¡¡

¡¡¡¡Dim¡¡foundRoute2¡¡As¡¡Node£¨£©¡¡=¡¡cls¡£FoundRoute¡¡

End¡¡Sub¡¡


¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­Page¡¡124¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­

102¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡CH¡¡AP¡¡T¡¡E¡¡R¡¡¡¡¡¡4¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ö¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡L¡¡E¡¡A¡¡R¡¡N¡¡IN¡¡G¡¡¡¡¡¡AB¡¡OU¡¡T¡¡¡¡¡¡D¡¡AT¡¡A¡¡¡¡S¡¡TR¡¡U¡¡CT¡¡U¡¡R¡¡E¡¡S£»¡¡¡¡¡¡DE¡¡CI¡¡SI¡¡ON¡¡S£»¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡N¡¡D¡¡¡¡¡¡L¡¡O¡¡OP¡¡S¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡By¡¡switching¡¡the¡¡order¡¡of¡¡the¡¡FindRoute£¨£©¡¡method¡¡calls¡¡and¡¡references¡¡to¡¡the¡¡data¡¡member¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡FoundRoute£»¡¡the¡¡variables¡¡foundRoute1¡¡and¡¡foundRoute2¡¡will¡¡reference¡¡the¡¡same¡¡found¡¡route£»¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡specifically¡¡the¡¡route¡¡New¡¡York¨CSeattle¡£¡¡This¡¡is¡¡not¡¡a¡¡good¡¡idea¡£¡¡The¡¡example¡¡shows¡¡how¡¡data¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡members¡¡have¡¡no¡¡direct¡¡relation¡¡to¡¡methods¡¡and¡¡can¡¡vary¡¡independently¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡So¡¡the¡¡choice¡¡of¡¡returning¡¡the¡¡found¡¡route¡¡from¡¡a¡¡method¡¡is¡¡the¡¡better¡¡and¡¡more¡¡robust¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡approach¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡öNote¡¡¡¡Data¡¡members¡¡are¡¡useful¡¡when¡¡you¡¡want¡¡to¡¡store¡¡or¡¡retrieve¡¡data¡¡that¡¡spans¡¡multiple¡¡method¡¡calls¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡is¡¡not¡¡dependent¡¡on¡¡the¡¡order¡¡of¡¡how¡¡methods¡¡are¡¡called¡£¡¡When¡¡you¡¡have¡¡data¡¡that¡¡is¡¡dependent¡¡on¡¡the¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡order¡¡of¡¡called¡¡methods£»¡¡you¡¡should¡¡use¡¡the¡¡Return¡¡keyword¡¡or¡¡ByRef¡¡parameters¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡following¡¡is¡¡the¡¡plete¡¡test¡¡case¡¡that¡¡includes¡¡the¡¡verification¡¡code¡¡that¡¡searches¡¡for¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡flight¡¡from¡¡Montreal¡¡to¡¡Seattle¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Public¡¡Sub¡¡TestSearch£¨£©¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Dim¡¡cls¡¡As¡¡DepthFirstSearch¡¡=¡¡New¡¡DepthFirstSearch£¨Node¡£RootNodes£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Dim¡¡foundRoute¡¡As¡¡Node£¨£©¡¡=¡¡cls¡£FindRoute£¨¡¨Montreal¡¨£»¡¡¡¨Seattle¡¨£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡foundRoute¡£Length¡¡¡¡2¡¡Then¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Console¡£WriteLine£¨¡¨Incorrect¡¡route¡¡as¡¡route¡¡has¡¡two¡¡legs¡¨£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡End¡¡If¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡foundRoute£¨0£©¡£CityName¡£pareTo£¨¡¨Los¡¡Angeles¡¨£©¡¡¡¡0¡¡Then¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Console¡£WriteLine£¨¡¨Incorrect¡¡as¡¡first¡¡leg¡¡is¡¡Los¡¡Angeles¡¨£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡End¡¡If¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡End¡¡Sub¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡öNote¡¡¡¡We¡¯ve¡¡already¡¡used¡¡the¡¡If¡¡construct¡¡in¡¡earlier¡¡chapters¡£¡¡It¡¡tests¡¡a¡¡condition¡¡and¡¡executes¡¡its¡¡contained¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡code¡¡if¡¡that¡¡condition¡¡is¡¡true¡£¡¡The¡¡¡¡means¡¡does¡¡not¡¡equal¡£¡¡We¡¯ll¡¡examine¡¡If¡¡in¡¡more¡¡detail¡¡later¡¡in¡¡this¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡chapter£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡¡°Using¡¡the¡¡If¡¡Statement¡±¡¡section¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Implementing¡¡the¡¡Depth¡­First¡¡Search¡¡Algorithm¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡implementation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡depth¡­first¡¡search¡¡algorithm¡¡involves¡¡creating¡¡an¡¡algorithm¡¡that¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡iterates¡¡the¡¡tree¡£¡¡Here£»¡¡we¡¯ll¡¡implement¡¡the¡¡algorithm¡¡in¡¡Visual¡¡Basic¡£¡¡In¡¡so¡¡doing£»¡¡we¡¯ll¡¡use¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡decision¡¡statements¡¡and¡¡For¡¡loops¡¡to¡¡iterate¡¡the¡¡array¡¡data¡£¡¡These¡¡are¡¡incredibly¡¡mon¡¡in¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Visual¡¡Basic¡¡programs£»¡¡and¡¡life¡¡would¡¡be¡¡very¡¡difficult¡¡without¡¡them¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡implemented¡¡the¡¡test¡¡code¡¡in¡¡the¡¡previous¡¡section£»¡¡so¡¡the¡¡next¡¡step¡¡is¡¡to¡¡implement¡¡a¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡version¡¡of¡¡DepthFirstSearch¡¡that¡¡represents¡¡a¡¡shell£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡all¡¡of¡¡the¡¡code¡¡piles¡¡and¡¡runs¡£¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡shell¡¡is¡¡structural¡¡and¡¡is¡¡used¡¡to¡¡hold¡¡up¡¡the¡¡entire¡¡application¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡defined¡¡as¡¡shown¡¡in¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Figure¡¡4¡­15¡£¡¡


¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­Page¡¡125¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨1£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ